Original Publication
Date:1911
Genre: American, twentieth century, classic
Topics: Early American farming, relationships, family, love/hate
Review by : Liz Inskip-Paulk who writes the book blog Just One More Page.
“Oh, as to that, I guess it’s always
Ethan done the caring."
This re-read of Ethan Frome was, to be honest,
a perfect read – one of those titles that you pick up and everything about the
story blows you away. As mentioned, this was a re-read, and this was a completely different experience than before.
I even immediately started to read it again after I had finished the first time
as I wanted to see all the foreshadowing that I’d missed the first time around.
(I would compare it to the re-read
experience of The Great Gatsby in terms of how different this time around was.)
Checking on-line, it seems that Ethan Frome
can be rather polarizing for reviews, the majority of whom (depending on the
site you visit) tending to be pretty negative about it which is a big shame. I
do think that age (and life experience) can play a determining role in how you
perceive this story, and I would argue that this book is one to read when
you’re slightly older (as opposed to high school or junior high school).
I happen to love the writing of Wharton as she is an expert at describing people and locations and at how she
pulls phrases together. As I think a lot of people have already read Ethan
Frome, I’m going to jump straight into some thoughts that I put together during
my own read.
Quite early in the story, Wharton describes
the farm house where Ethan has spent his life and she mentions that the “L” part
of the house (joining the stable etc. with the main house) had been demolished
earlier. The “L” part is called the “center of New England farm life”, “itself
the chief sources the sources of warmth and nourishment” and the “actual
hearth-stone of the New England farm”, and yet in recent years, Ethan had
knocked this integral piece of farming life down. Why, if it was so important
to people in that region? Wharton doesn’t actually specify why (or at least I
didn’t spot it), which led me to speculating why it was mentioned.
The “L” part of the house is linked with warmth and safety. Perhaps after
his mother died, the demolishing reflects how his feeling of safety was eroded
once he was alone in his family. The missing “L” not only represented a missing
link between his house and his stables (protection for the inhabitants during
the harsh winters as they went from hearth to work), but also is an image of
the hole in his life (perhaps his heart?) after his mother dies. His old
comfortable way of life has ended, and this space represents the gap he feels
between his old life and his new, his home and the outside, which suddenly
seems unstable and fraught with difficulty now that his mother (his anchor) has
gone. (I don’t know – just making this bit up but seems to fit.)
Another reason why it’s referred to as an “L”
(aside from its architectural significance) could be that the “L” also refers
to “Love” – a comfortable and safe feeling that is forever gone now his parent
has died.
There are numerous references and imagery
associated with the dichotomy of interior/exterior, inside/outside, insider/outsider
relationship. Ethan’s sticky relationship with Zeena: he spends time working
(and feeling most comfortable) outside the house in the fields, whilst she
(Zeena) spends her time indoors being “sick” and waiting for him to return to
pounce on him with demands and questions.
The threshold (i.e. the crossover point between inside/outside) plays a
large role as several sentinel events occur over it: the time that Zeena locks
Ethan and Maddie outside when they return late from the church dance, for
example, and how both Ethan and Maddie can only be authentic with each other
when they are outside the confines of the home, out in the fields or walking
along lanes. (There’s also this idea of domesticity vs. agriculture/nature and
the natural order of things.) This imagery continues when Zeena leaves to visit
the out-of-town doctor (so she leaves interior to exterior) which allows Ethan
and Maddie to enter the formally hostile interior of the house as it’s now
safe.
The threshold (interior/exterior) also plays a
role when Ethan and Maddie return from a snowy walk, and enter the house where
Zeena is (as always) grumpy. It’s a drafty old house, with the cold continually
coming in through the ill-fitting windows and doors (sneaking inside, in a way)
and when the couple cross the threshold (to interior) after their walk
(exterior), Ethan accidentally brings in some snow that rapidly melts in the
dining room and gets scolded by Zeena for making a mess. It could be argued that nature/exterior (the
snow) is overcome by domesticity/interior (heat in the house) in this
situation. (Another case of the interplay between interior and exterior, and
the reversal of what is usually a haven (inside the house) vs. outside.)
And this balance continues when you consider
that most of Ethan’s thoughts are reported (his interior mind) as he keeps the
harsh exterior of Zeena in the dark about his real attitude to her and to the
marriage.
Another clever image using this dual imagery,
this relationship of freedom vs. confinement (interior/exterior) is when
Wharton describes the evening when Ethan turns up to escort Maddie home after a
church dance. Again, it’s outside (Ethan watching through the windows) whilst
Maddie is inside in the warm, and even the church window shadows are described
as “bars” on the snow (referring to prison bars) that provide a barrier between
Ethan and happiness, between him being included vs him excluded, as an insider
vs. outsider…
So, lots to think about here, and I’m so glad
that I reread this gem of a novel (or novella). Highly recommended that you
undertake another read if you were forced to study this in school.
Download Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton at Project Gutenberg|Librivox|
